Metoclopramide - Primperan - Metozolv - Reglan - Gastrodomina Analysis

Metoclopramide is an antiemetic and a gastrointestinal motility modulator used mainly for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux and gastric emptying disorders. It acts by blocking dopamine receptors and stimulating gastrointestinal motility.

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Analysis

Metoclopramide is analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with UV-Visible spectrophotometric detection (HPLC-UV Visible).

Chemical name

• Chemical name: 4-amino-5-chloro-N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide
• Gross formula: C14H22ClN3O2
• CAS number: 364-62-5

Therapeutic class

Metoclopramide belongs to the antiemetics and prokinetics used to reduce nausea and improve gastrointestinal transit.

Description of therapeutic effects

Metoclopramide acts by :

• Blocking D2 dopamine receptors in the emesis trigger zone, reducing nausea and vomiting.
• Increases acetylcholine release in the gastrointestinal tract, improving motility and facilitating gastric emptying.

Its main advantages are :

• Effective against nausea and vomiting of various origins (chemo, post-operative, migraines).
• Stimulates gastric motility, useful in cases of gastroparesis.
• Fast-acting by oral or injectable administration.

Trade names

• Primperan
• Metozolv ODT
• Reglan
• Gastrodomina

Main manufacturers

• Sanofi
• Teva Pharmaceuticals
• Mylan
• Sandoz
• Pfizer

Precautions and side effects

Precautions for use

• Not for use in children under one year of age, due to increased risk of neurological effects.
• Avoid in cases of Parkinson's disease, as it blocks dopamine.
• Risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (tremors, muscular rigidity), particularly in the young and elderly.
• Use limited in time (generally 5 days maximum) to avoid prolonged side effects.
• Use with caution in patients with impaired renal or hepatic function.

Possible side effects

• Drowsiness, dizziness and fatigue.
• Extrapyramidal disorders: muscle spasms, spasmodic torticollis (particularly in young adults).
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rare but serious).
• Increased prolactin, which can lead to menstrual disorders and gynecomastia.
• Diarrhea or constipation.

⚠️ Drug interactions :

• Enhances the sedative effects of antihistamines, benzodiazepines and opioids.
• May reduce efficacy of digoxin and levodopa.
• Increased risk of extrapyramidal effects with antipsychotics.